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Coin flipping as a decision-making tool dates back to the Roman Empire, where it was called 'navia aut caput' - 'ship or head' - after the two-sided design of Roman coins. Dice are older still: the oldest known six-sided dice were found in the Burnt City in present-day Iran and date to around 2800 BC. Both survive because they solve a fundamental problem: making a decision that everyone agrees is fair.
A fair coin has exactly a 50% chance of landing heads or tails on each flip. This independence is counterintuitive: if you flip five heads in a row, the sixth flip still has a 50% chance of being heads. The belief that a tails is 'due' is the gambler's fallacy. In practice, streaks of the same result are more common than intuition suggests: the probability of getting five heads in a row at some point during 50 flips is about 17%, not negligible. The tally tracker lets you observe the distribution converging towards 50/50 over many flips.
Dice come in many shapes beyond the familiar 6-sided cube. Standard dice in tabletop RPGs and board games include:
Damage in some RPG weapons
Most common - board games, craps
Damage dice in D&D
Percentile rolls (d100)
Large weapon damage
Core die in Dungeons and Dragons
โจ All randomness is generated locally in your browser.